The Womens Movement - 1533 Words

The Womens Movement To have drunkards, idiots, horse racing rum-selling rowdies, ignorant foreigners, and silly boys fully recognized, while we ourselves are thrust out from all the rights that belong to citizens, is too grossly insulting to be longer quietly submitted to. The right is ours. We must have it (Rynder 3). This quote from one of Cady Stantons speeches shows what great injustice women had to suffer. Stanton is saying that even the scum of the earth had more rights than highly cultured women. In many aspects of life, womens rights were dramatically less than those of men. Women were not allowed to vote; yet they had to pay taxes. Women were subjects of their husbands, and expected to do all†¦show more content†¦Before about 1900, women were still not able to control their own bodies, and were not allowed to use birth control. A woman was bound by law to her husband. She was forced to consent to his wishes. If she did not, it was l egal for him to beat her as punishment (Rydner 34). A woman was not allowed to control whether or not she wanted children. Before 1873 women could learn about birth control through advertisements in womens magazines. This right was taken away from women in 1873 when Congress passed the Comstock Act after Mr. Comstocks prodding. This law prohibited selling distributing, or mailing obscene literature and defined contraceptive devices and any information about them as obscene. The new form of birth control was voluntary motherhood (Rydner 37). Supporters of this form stated that if women were able to have children when they wanted to, the women would have happier, healthier children because they were wanted. In order to use this form of birth control, women needed the right to say no to their husbands. Some religions encouraged this practice because it prevented sexual excess. It is not known to what extent this method worked, but from 1800 to 1900 the birthrate among American women declined by about one half (Ryder 39). Many women helped in achieving womens rights. Some of these women were Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Catharine Beecher. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Womens Liberation Movement1099 Words   |  5 Pagescentury women began to vocalize their opinions and desires for the right to vote. The Women’s Suffrage movement paved the way to the nineteenth Amendment in the United States Constitution that allowed women that right. The Women’s Suffrage movement started a movement for equal rights for women that has continued to propel equal opportunities for women throughout the country. The Women’s Liberation Movement has sparked better opportunities, demanded respect and pioneered the path for women enteringRead MoreWomens Movement Impact1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women s Movement, including the Women’s Rights Movement and The Women’s Suffrage Movement, had a significant impact on U.S history. In order to understand if the movement met the set goals, we must look at what the value of women is today. Politically, new laws and amendments were passed to support women and their rights. Socially, women became more respected and accepted. Economically, women were given more roles in society. Educationally, women were given more education and career opportunitiesRead More The Womens Movement Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Womens Movement Works Cited Missing The women’s movement began in the nineteenth century when groups of women began to speak out against the feeling of separation, inequality, and limits that seemed to be placed on women because of their sex (Debois 18). By combining two aspects of the past, ante-bellum reform politics and the anti-slavery movement, women were able to gain knowledge of leadership on how to deal with the Women’s Right Movement and with this knowledge led the way to transformRead MoreWomens Rights Movement1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the  suffrage  movement.   The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. MargaretRead MoreThe Womens Liberation Movement1026 Words   |  4 PagesThe Women’s Liberation Movement greatly impacted Australia and the United States throughout the 60’s and 70’s carrying on to the 90’s. Without the Women’s Liberation Movement women wouldn’t have received changes in laws primarily regarding employment impacting on them moving forward in terms of equal opportunities. However there is still a there is still process to be made concerning employment and social roles for women to have equal rights as men. The Women’s Liberation Movement started in theRead MoreSpeech On The Womens Movement1175 Words   |  5 Pagesgrant women rights that they never had before. Central Idea The women s movement of the 1960’s sought significant improvement in legal economic and political rights. Credibility I am from a country where women do not have as many freedoms as the women in America do. There women are still expected to marry and become housewives they are often discouraged to further their education. I can see how this movement improved women’s rights and let them live their lives freely as they wish. Preview TheRead MoreWomens Rights Movement3386 Words   |  14 Pageswas Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton dedicated her entire life to the womens movement, despite the opposition she received, from both her family and friends. In the course of this paper, I will be taking a critical look at three of Stantons most acclaimed speeches Declaration of Sentiments, Solitude of Self, and Home Life, and develop a claim that the rhetoric in these speeches was an effective tool in advancing the movement as a whole. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born November 12, 1815, in JohnstownRead MoreWomens Rights Movements1199 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes have hope struggling to carry the world. Women are continuously dehumanized because they are not treated as equals in the work place, the media, and school however the women’s rights movement has given women the right of freedom of speech and right to vote I. Need for the movement Although, when the Women’s Rights movement started women were happy but it has then and even now moved quite slowly making women lose their hope. Women have transitioned into the state of mind of being the â€Å"housewife†Read MoreWomens Suffrage Movement2267 Words   |  9 Pages In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the right to vote, this made them leaders in the women’s suffrage movement. This is an historical event that is of significance to New Zealanders when the bill was passed and continues to impact New Zealanders now. Prior to 1893 there were many issues which women faced that significantly impacted the quality of their lives and their families, especially their children. As a result of industrialism in New Zealand families wereRead MoreWomens Rights Movements951 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the many to bring about the 19th amendment assuring equality among the sexes for future generations. Suffrage was a major part of the Woman Rights Movement. However, in order to fully understand the significance of suffrage to women, one must understand how and why the Womans Rights Movement began. The beginning of the Womans Rights Movement is extremely debatable. Some may argue that it began with the first Womans Rights Convention. Others may argue that is began with Abigail Adams’s letter

Biography Profile For Pablo Picasso - 954 Words

http://www.pablopicasso.org/picasso-biography.jsp http://www.biography.com/people/pablo-picasso-9440021 Biography profile for Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso the man was a troubled, eccentric, problematic man who could never settle down with a woman or a place of residency, maybe what we could call a free spirit. Picasso, the man, was also an activist. He fought for peace until his last days. However, no matter how much troubled Picasso, the man was overshadowed by his own art. In addition, even though one might not like his works, one cannot deny that without Picasso, modern art and the world would be much poorer, so that is why I decided to write about one of my favorite artists of all times, the unique Pablo Picasso. Pablo Ruiz†¦show more content†¦His first oil painting, which he kept his whole life, was called El Picador, a common theme in the bullfight scene. Picasso was focuses in his painting by using the subject of pigeons and bullfights. In 1896, his first large oil painting The first Communion was exhibited in Barcelona. The year after, he painted Science and Charity and received an honorable mention in Madrid at the national exhibition of fine art and a gold medal in a competition in Malaga. It is important to note that at that point he was only 16 years old. His visits to museums became very important in this first period of his career, because like many other modern artists, Picasso had his classicism period when he tried to imitate the style of the old masters. He also met someone who would become one of his best friends and his secretary, the poet Sabartes. The new atmosphere made the young artist abandon his classic style and start a period of searching and encountering new experiences in his career. During this period, Picasso expressed his idea that an art student should not be obligated to follow any already established school, but should be free to explore his or her own styles and ideas. This search for change caused deterioration in his relationship with his parents who could not accept his interest in modern art. In 1900, during this search period, Picasso moved to the city that was the major artistic center, Paris, where he

Education and the Role of Philosophy Free Essays

string(160) " to distinguish among values because some values are a matter of personal preference while others are absolute regardless of time, place, and circumstance \(p\." Education and, the Role of Philosophy In The Journey through American Education â€Å"Curriculum as a field of study has been characterized as elusive, fragmentary and confusing† (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2009, p. 1). According to Wikipedia, education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual and is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and the Role of Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This report will journey through the history of education, its philosophies and the philosophers that helped shape and design it. Originally American schools were defined by religion. The foundation of education was based on religious study. The schools meaning in 1620 was to build a republic of God-fearing citizens. Women taught children to read the bible and to write the scriptures while the men and older boys were out in the fields working. With the women as nurturers teaching themselves to read and write and then assuming that responsibility to nurture their children’s moral through the teachings of the scriptures led to the establishment of women as the backbone of American education which appears to still be the case of present times (History of American Education Primer, p. 27). In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Protestant ideological managers sought to create a moral and God-fearing society and their goals were: 1. Honor, fear, and obey God, 2. Honor, fear, and obey the father in the home and 3. Honor, fear, and obey the government.This philosophy of the Protestants was called Calvinism which is the belief that humans are born in sin and must purge this sin as children grow into adults (p. 10). The Massachusetts Law of 1642 which called for all parents to find someone to teach their children how to read the bible, write out scriptures, follow Protestant theology, and obey the laws of the land along with The Old Deluder Satan Law of 1647 which called for all towns of 50 households or more to appoint a teacher to teach reading and writing and all towns of 100 or more households to build a school and hire a schoolmaster were the first major laws of education (P. 0). As the colonies expanded, different forms of schooling philosophy developed but the Common Schools (schools that sought to bring together white children in a common school to perpetuate the goals of the dominant white culture) were still dominated by Protestant values of a moral, God-fearing society (p. 31). Over time the teaching of children began to include, along with reading, writing and ciphering, social skills such as knowledge, etiquette, and debate. Schools began to include topics to prepare children for employment and if one’s family could afford it, college (p. 16).As time passed, education grew to include many different instructions and philosophies to where we are today. With the extra teachings came many more philosophies. These different philosophies determine with teaching style, instruction, and school curriculum that will be used to include Axiology, Behaviorism, Epistemology, Existentialism, Ontology, Perennialism, Eclectic, Pragmatism and Reconstructionism. According to Pratt and Collins (2001), effective teaching may be classified as transmission, apprenticeship, developmental, nurturing, and social reform. To start, William Kritsonis (2005, p. 1) defines philosophy as the human being’s attempt to think most speculatively, reflectively, and systematically about the universe and the relationship to that universe. He writes that philosophy has no proof and is therefore without theorems and has not questions that can be answered with yes or no. The purpose of educational philosophy is to help develop the educator’s thinking capacity (p. 91). The three branches of philosophy are Metaphysics (Ontology) which deal with ultimate reality, Epistemology which deals with the nature of knowledge and Axiology which is the study of values.The major schools of philosophy are Idealism which are certain universal absolute concepts, Realism where work is governed by various laws, known or unknown, Pragmatism which is primarily an American philosophy of scientific analysis or learning through experience, and Existentialism which believes that students should control much of what goes on (p. 92). Philosophy has many definitions and is hard to define. The word itself comes from the Greek meaning â€Å"love of wisdom† and is the belief system that a person develops concerning existence, reality in the world, truth, ethics, honesty, thought processes, aesthetics, and logic (Kritsonis, p. 8). In regards to education, philosophy is a way of examining ideas, proposals, and recommendations for learning and how best to use them in the educational setting and it is therefore, the application of ideas or idea systems to educational problems (p. 97). Educators study philosophy to help them attain a better understanding of the best way to success. Educators use philosophy for the roles in which philosophy stands for which includes: to suggest alternative methods of thinking, to develop sensitivity to the logic and language we use in gathering solutions to problems (p. 97). Philosophy of education is the philosophical study of the purpose, nature, process and ideals of education (Siegel, 2003). As time has progressed so has the understanding of philosophy and its importance on education. The history of philosophy and education would not be complete without its â€Å"fore fathers† so to speak and the four primary philosophies of Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism and Existentialism. Idealism was the main philosophy of the thinkers of western civilizations during the last half of the 19th century and its believers believed that external reality must be understood through the medium of the human mind (Kritsonis, p. 03). They believed that when humans came into contact with whatever existed, the human mind functions to grasp the nature of reality and what is real.The three key words of idealism are growth, imitation, and maturity and by imitating a model of behavior, one matures and grows toward an ideal that contains the perfection of virtues (p. 103). It applies to any theory that views the world as being made up of mind, spirit, or reason. They believe that to learn is to distinguish among values because some values are a matter of personal preference while others are absolute regardless of time, place, and circumstance (p. You read "Education and the Role of Philosophy" in category "Papers" 03). Plato is a major contributor of Idealism and is considered to be the first and foremost Idealist. He believed that proper education comes before law and there would be no need to dictate laws to humans of good breeding, for they will find out for themselves what regulations would be needed (p. 104). He believed that good breeding developed through a sound educational system that produces reasonable humans. The impact that Idealism has on education is that its’ educational philosophy focus on who should be responsible for education, who should be taught, and what should be the curriculum (p. 109).To the Idealist, education is to assist in the development of the mind and self of the pupil and help in attaining the good life of the spirit. The curriculum must be based on the idea of the spiritual nature of humans and must draw on both sources of truth and right opinion for its subject matter. Its prime purpose is to teach student to think and to teach skills that develop conceptual ability (p. 109). The philosophy of Realism involves the act of truth being determined scientifically. It is based on absolute truth. It proclaims that objects of perception are objects and contain real existence outside the mind (Kritsonis, p. 12). Aristotle was a major contributor of Realism and he believed that a proper study of matter could lead to better and more distinct ideas. He felt that education was designed to preserve the stability of the state, to create good citizenship, and to prevent revolutions (p. 115). The impact Realism had on education was to present material to students so they could become acquainted with the subject matter as a pre-established block of material and the idea that successful learning consists of understanding that material (p. 118). The philosophy of Pragmatism is the result of action.Pragmatists believe that ideas become true in order to get into satisfactory relations with other parts of experience (kritsonis, p. 121). John Dewey was a major contributor of pragmatism. He was one of the most influential of all American philosophers and educators and was actively interested in the reform of education (p. 122). His philosophy of education emphasized many things including experiences, experimentation, and freedom. He believed the learner must interact with that which is learned if a productive educational experience was to be achieved (p. 122).Other pragmatic philosophers were Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Charles Darwin. The impact that pragmatism had on education is that the child’s own instincts and powers provide the material and starting point of all education and the educator’s knowledge of social conditions is necessary to interpret the child’s powers. The philosophy of Existentialism is a revolt against other traditional philosophies. Others attempt to grasp the ultimate nature of the world in abstract systems of thought; existentialists consider what it is like to be an individual human being living in the world (Kritsonis, p. 125).It is concerned with an individual’s willingness truly to commit to something with intensity (p. 127). A major contributor to Existentialism was Soren Kierkegaard who believed that a human’s essential self is developed in three stages: Aesthetic stage, ethical stage, and religious stage. He believed that individuals are confronted with choices in life that they alone can make and for which they must accept complete and full responsibility (p. 127). Existentialism impact on education was to stress unique experiences in the affective and what a student hears in class is more impressive than what the teachers say.The Philosophy of education in the United States has undergone a series of internal struggles over the past 25 years. Some of the struggle with philosophy in these modern times has been the issue of the curriculum of multicultural education. The multicultural movement defines the main purpose of curriculum as social improvement, particularly as it relates to peoples who have been marginalized on the bias of race, ethnicity, language, social class and other identities (English Teaching, page 122).Over time and through history philosophers have had to be adaptable to change and that change in American included a multicultural movement. This movement includes the philosophy of Reconstructionism which involves the attitude toward change and encourages individuals to try to make life better which ultimately means every indivi dual in all cultures (National Outlook, 2006). Philosophers of the future will have to find a way to inculcate mulitculturism into their ideas (Educational Administration Quarterly 1998, p. 236).Multiculturalism is described as focusing on how gender, race, sexual orientation, and class differences are inscribed in political and cultural practices (Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 2000). â€Å"Our schools are, in a sense, factories in which the raw products (children) are to be shaped and fashioned into products to meet the various demands of life. The specifications for manufacturing come from the demands of twentieth-century civilization and it is the business of the school to build its pupils according to the specifications laid down† (English Teaching, p. 25). We build our curriculum based off of past philosophers because of the beliefs our present curriculum decision makers may possess. Philosophy is concerned with questions about the analysis of concepts and with questions about the grounds of knowledge, belief, actions and activities. The philosophy of education is then occupied with the analysis of such educational concepts as teaching, child-centeredness, inculcation of belief and curriculum.The main point of contrast between philosophy and education is the role of value judgments; values and ideals are embodied and expressed in the purposes of imparting knowledge, skills and attitudes (Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2001). In conclusion, the question remains unanswered, â€Å"Are our schools headed in the right direction with its curriculum? † From past philosophers to present we have had a continuous confusion take place which continues to make curriculum hard to define.References Adult Education Quarterly (1977). The Concept of Educational Need: An Analysis of Selected Literature. 16-127 American Education Through the Civil War (Chapter 2). Community College Journal of Research and Practice (2000). Student Experiences With Multicultural and Diversity Education. 531-546 English Teaching: Practice and Critique (2004). Critical Multicultural Curriculum and the Standards Movement. 122-138 Kritsonis, W (2005). Philosophies of Schooling. 82-159 Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research (2001). Some Notes on the Relevance of Philosophy to Education. 341-351 Siegel, H. (1988). Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking, and Education. 369-382 http://en. wikepedia. org How to cite Education and the Role of Philosophy, Papers

Home Schooling Essay Example For Students

Home Schooling Essay Is home schooling a better option for our children? I believe that the authors main point is that there are two dissimilar types of groups that home school, and additionally that parents can customize there childrens schooling is a Consumer mentality. The two categories of home schooling have Emerged, both of which is complicated about customization. The superior of the grouping is the Christian right, although home schooling has grow to be a much more diverse endeavors in the past 10 years. The Strength as a social movement and the majority of is practitioners are conservative Christians. Both kinds of home schooled as in the, Family unit who instructs the child exclusively at home and the family unit who inquires about some interface with the community school organization is practicing customizing in education. In addition, home schooling is supplementary than an, Education alternative. It is also a societal interest group, in 1986; approximately 50,000 offspring were being sophisticate at there dwelling. In 2002, at slightest 1 million offsprings is being home school; with some approximation attach the quantity at 2 million, and amplify of 20. I believe that the instigator purpose of the commentary is that, Parents view their childs education on a matter of properly under their control, and no one elses. In addition, that some of the parents feel that they are, Entitled to purchase the education of their child from the market place of learning material. I consider that all parents should have the chose to customize their childs education, to their own characteristics. If parents want to protect their children from diverse things in the world, in that case they should be capable to. In addition, I concur with that how home schooling parents are so dedicated to their children having an excellent education. I agree with the author stated that home schooling seems to be Wonderful if people think about education as a consumption tool. My position of the commentary is that I concur with what the author declared in the entire article. I believe parents that home school their children are significantly worried about how their children obtain their education, and that they would do anything for there child to have an excellent education. Residency is the societal adhesive that unites the diverse people together; to be a national is to contribute to something in common with ones fellow citizens. As the legal scholar Sunstein 2001 has argue, a Heterogeneous society with out some share experiences and some common values. I believe that being a Citizen is to be able too exercise your independence. The authors asserts is that the impending civic perils of home school education, is customize down to the smallest point of view. Furthermore, I believe that this topic has been Quarrel numerous of times, and that we should not agree to a new Driving metaphor for the education of every, and all children. I believe that every parent should be able to decide what exactly there child studies and it should be up to the parent period parents.

Analysis of TV series Friends free essay sample

TV is a very popular source of entertainment meaning allot of people are watching and absorbing everything that is being said and done. Mass media has a huge impact on the way people perceive certain people, situations, etc. especially when it is coming from a show loved by many. The TV series Friends premiered on September 22nd in 1994 and became an extremely successful sitcom that lasted 10 years ending in January of 2004. Friends is a sitcom that involved the lives of 6 friends that lived in New York City. Throughout the seasons the viewers were able to see each character’s lives develop, and see the everyday struggles they come across, whether it is relationship problems, marriage problems, or the everyday random issue. Each character had specific qualities that made the viewers fall in love with all the characters in different ways. This sitcom had a huge fan base of people of all ages and is still popular 9 years later meaning that it has a significant influence on many and not always in the best way. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of TV series Friends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The TV series reinforces stereotypes and gender roles through the characters. David Crane and Marta Kauffman created the series Friends. When they decided to develop a TV series they were inspired by their own lives. They thought back to the time when they had just finished college and began to live on their own in New York City. The time that they spent living in New York City is when they were trying to find a career that they were passionate about to start their lives, and at the same time attempt to balance a relationship. Finding careers while dating, and handling everyday issues seemed like a good concept for the show. They thought it was such a simple idea that so many could relate to that it would eventually progress into something big. Although Friends2 Friends did become big it was not always as popular. At First the reception of the critics started off to be a very harsh evaluation. Later as the show continued it did progress to more positive reviews which eventually ended up in ranking the best sitcom of its time therefore playing a hug role in influencing many. Throughout the series the scenarios and characters at times reinforced stereotypes and gender roles without the viewer’s recognition. The comedy in the show displays the gender roles and stereotypes in a lighter sense without directly offending anyone which makes the viewers unaware of the influence it is having on them. Friends reinforces gender roles mainly through the characters of Joey, Chandler and Ross. Gender roles are cultural and personal, they determine how males and females should think, speak, dress, and interact within the context of society. Each character is put through several situations where their reactions reinforce a certain gender role influencing viewers to think that is how a male or female should be/act. John Sloop the author of the SAGE handbook of gender and communication demonstrates how the characters reinforce gender roles by acknowledging the episode titled â€Å"The one with the baby on the bus†. The episode involved Joey and Chandler being mistaken for a homosexual couple because they are seen together with a child. When they are approached as a homosexual couple it is noticeable that they are both offended by the comment. The offence they take to the comment is noticeable due to them both rambling on about how they are straight of course, reassuring the person that they are in fact heterosexual. The way they ramble on shows that their ego was hurt in fact they acted as Friends3 if a piece of their masculinity has been taken away. Their reaction in this episode gives viewers the idea that being homosexual makes you less of a male which is far from the truth, but because this is how popular celebrities are reacting it is reinforcing the mind set of gender roles because many people look up to these characters. Throughout the seasons of Friends there is a point where Chandler is unemployed. At this time Chandler and his wife Monica are trying to start a family. During the time of his unemployment he is very bitter about not having a job for several reasons. The main reason he is upset, is that he feels since he is the male he should have a job to support his family. The fact that Monica is working and he is not he feels that their roles are reversed. If anything he feels he should be out working paying the bills, bringing in the income while Monica stays at home and takes care of other tasks such as housecleaning and preparing dinners. Since they are trying to start a family he will be staying home with the children until he is able to find a job. Knowing that he will be the one staying home with the kids someday he expresses many times to his friends that he feels less of a man. He feels less masculine because he sees staying at home with children as a women’s job. Signorielli author of Children, television, and conceptions about chores claims that the way Chandler is reacting to his situation of being unemployed is reinforcing the traditional notion of gender roles. The traditional notion of gender roles being the male is to work and be the breadwinner of the family while the female stays at home with the children and does the housework and prepares meals for the family. The series Friends started in 1994 by this time the notion of traditional gender roles was in the past. It was Friends4 common for both male and female to be working, but Chandler’s reaction is giving people other ideas putting them back into the old mindset of how things used to be for males and females. (Signorielli, 1991). Stereotypes which are a widely held but fixed and oversimplified images or ideas of a particular person or group of people are reinforced throughout many situations in the series. Galvin author of The SAGE handbook of gender and communication demonstrates stereotypes being reinforced by using an example from The episode titled â€Å"baby on the Bus† involved Joey and Chandler being put into a situation where they are in need of making an important decision. In the episode Joey and Chandler loose Ross child on a city bus and have to go to the bus services to get the baby. When they arrive to bus services the lady brings them into a room where there are two infants. Joey and Chandler both are unsure of which baby is Ross but must make a decision. They both decide that it makes sense to flip a coin to decide which child to take. The actions they use to solve this problem are highly immature and give people the idea that men lack any parental and caretaking instincts (Galvin, et al, 2006). The way they decide to handle the situation is not realistic but the seen mocks the little parenting skills that males have. The scene gives males the stereotype of not having the capability to care for a child compared to how a woman would. The scene is stereotypical because a male is just as capable of taking care of a child as a woman would. Friends5 Stereotypes are reinforced in the series but most viewers do not notice them due to the comedy in the show. The comedy makes the scenes that mock stereotypes funny oppose to being offensive. Phoebe Bouffay fits the stereotype of the dumb blonde. The definition of the dumb blonde is an attractive blonde that lack both common sense and academic intelligence to a comedic level. (Dictionary, 2001). Phoebe Bouffay fits all the qualities of the dumb blonde. She is beautiful with blonde hair and does lack both common sense and academic intelligence. For instance Phoebe at the age of 30 still believes in Santa Claus. Believing in Santa Claus at that age proves that she does lack both common and academic knowledge. Phoebe Bouffay gives people the impression that all attractive blondes are ditzy and have no knowledge. The hair color of a female and how attractive she is does not make them any less smart than a beautiful brunette, it is just a stereotype that Friends is reinforcing to all its viewers. Television is a source of entertainment that is used by many people of all ages and it cultivates viewer’s perceptions of reality and over time, since it is so popular shapes culture as a whole. Cultivation theory argues that television cultivates people’s behaviors and values that are already present, but it reinforces their mindset to keep those behaviors and values. Evidence proves that depictions do carry along consequences. For instance a child that watches television more than the average person will carry more traditional notions of gender roles because they are used to seeing it on television. (Signorielle, 1992). Friends6 Friends is a sitcom watched by many meaning allot of people are taking in the behaviours and actions of the characters. The characters have a huge influence on many people and at times in a negative way. (Villani, 2001). People are influenced when characters behave a certain way because they see the characters as role models. Many of the times kids are influenced negatively by the person they look up to and admire due to the characters values, behavior and actions. (Munoz, 2011). Friends is a family TV series, and most of the episodes mock situations and sceneries that involve gender roles and stereotypes. The comedy does hide the way it enforces gender roles and stereotypes but it still does reinforce certain mindsets.

Effects of World Hunger

Effects of World Hunger Introduction According to the World Food Programme (WFP), approximately 925 million people in the world are undernourished today. That means that one out of seven people is not able to get sufficient food to lead a healthy and active life. This makes hunger be on the top of the list of risks to good health globally.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of World Hunger specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effects of hunger as risks to health are much higher than those of â€Å"AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis all combined† (World Food Programme p. 1). Hunger refers to unavailability of food (World Hunger Education Service p. 1), but it is also taken to mean vulnerability to disease due to micronutrient deficiencies. Effects of hunger are adverse, crippling not only the individual but also becoming a burden to a developing world. Food security is not a concern for the developing and the underdeveloped coun tries alone but it for the developed states, such as the United States. Statistics released in September 2011 indicate that in the year 2010, 14.5% of all households were food-insecure (that is one out of every seven households) with 5.4% of all the United States households having very low food security (World Hunger Education Service p. 1). There are arguments that the United States shoulders the blame for world hunger as regards to its spending so much on defense purposes and military operations. For example, in Afghanistan and Iraq, such tactics caused extreme poverty in these countries. America should not be blamed alone for world hunger, but it is logical to argue that it takes some of the blame; many factors contribute to hunger. Poverty being the principal cause calls for measures to be taken to address its eradication as an initiative to reduce world hunger. America being a superpower has a major role to play in world hunger level reduction as it has an edge on global econom ic matters and in how financial aid is allocated by financial bodies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to poor countries. This paper considers America’s role in world hunger, how the country has increased it through poverty caused by its military operations, sanctions due to political interests and its influence in allocation of funds to political allies and â€Å"friendly states† rather than to poverty stricken countries. World hunger is a result of many interrelated factors. America does play a major role in, but there are also a lot of factors that cannot be simply ignored when it comes to issues of world poverty. This paper argues America’s influence on world hunger, the roles it has played and other factors that have led to the current facts and figures as well as the place food aid takes in eradicating hunger.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Losses that are incurred due to food wastage result in gaps in the food supply chains and inadequate food storage facilities. The paper also examines that current food production is sufficient enough to feed the current world population and shows that this participation in export commodities is opposed to food producing agriculture. Undemocratic economic and political policies conflicts because of poverty of stricken nations, and our attitude towards hunger are among other factors that maintain the status quo when it comes to addressing world hunger. Activities of the United States indicate a tendency to increase world hunger; it seems to give the perception that it is fond to bask in the glory of the world’s dependency on foreign aid, so that it can use the same as a manipulation to the realization of its foreign policies (Maddocks p. 23). It is established that world hunger, as a risk to health, ranks greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosi s all combined, and statistics indicate that 800 million people in the world sleep on an empty stomach every day that is approximately one of nine people (Swanson para 1). As such, measures to deal with hunger should be put in place. In the book â€Å"World hunger: 12 myths,† a story is told about a woman, Amanda Espinoza, who had six stillbirths and witnessed the death of five of her children before the age of one. This gives a whole new meaning to the word hungry; it means looking helplessly at those who are dear to you, but doom to die and having no choices and opportunities to help them (Lappe, Collins Rosset pg 3). World hunger can never be addressed through food aid. Poverty being the principal cause of world hunger should be treated adequately. If efforts at reducing the level of world hunger involve providing food aid, then the principal cause of hunger, which is poverty, would still remain. In most cases, foreign aid causes harm instead of helping to manage with thi s problem (Lappe, Collins Rosset p 1). While providing food aid as a temporary measure of elimination hunger, a long term solution of eradicating poverty should be embraced (Shah para 2). In the global economic system, there are two main measures that can be adopted by poor people to increase their income level. For example, due to trade, wages in rich economies tend to reduce because of availability of machinery, but in poor countries, they increase. Immigration to countries with labor deficit economies is also a response of people affected by poverty. The structure of the United States economic system is based on the â€Å"free enterprise economy† approach where there is competition for employment, with most jobs being offered to the best qualified employee, thus joblessness affects mainly those who are under qualified.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of World Hunger specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re Revolutions are attempts to transform the political and economic structures so as to conform to the needs of the poor. Thus, to understand the dynamics behind these revolutions, attention needs to be paid to the inequities between the rich and the poor that lead to anti-western ideologies, dealing with world hunger constructively (Nessan Beckmann p 12). The structure of the United States political system focuses more on concerns that are not fundamental to the people. For instance, the expenditure on military operations takes up half of the â€Å"US federal government discretionary expenditures† with expenses allocated to poverty alleviation (World Hunger Education Service p. 1). Joblessness and administration, to a greater extent, turning a blind eye to the issues of the poor play a major role at increasing poverty and growth of the level of world hunger. The structures of political and economic systems are the underlying causes of poverty and hunger since contro l over resources is based on economic, political or military power. This power, in most cases, is possessed by the minority which may not have the interests of the poor at heart. The US economic crisis had a great impact on world poverty; many countries have participated in international markets making themselves more vulnerable to recessions in big economies. It is noted that hunger also results from conflicts. Nevertheless, the UNHCR shows clearly that poverty is all the same the greatest cause. This is because the 2008 report showed that chronic hunger affected approximately 1 billion people compared to a smaller figure of 36 million who felt the effects of conflicts through displacement. Democracy, as we know it, is accountability of the majority. Well structured democratic states are those in which the majority of the population contributes on the decisions that affect their interests. When leadership is accountable to the majority, then the state is said to be democratic. With the absence of democracy in the economic lives of the people, the majority will be made powerless on the issues that affect them most (Lappe, Collins Rosset pg 4). It is sad to say that the United States plays a major role in the institution of undemocratic systems of governments. After it seized Puerto Rico in 1898, sugar companies from the United States put up vast sugar plantations consequently engaging in the eviction of farmers. By the year 1925, 80% of the whole land was owned by 2% of the population, rendering a shocking 70% of the population landless. With 70% being landless, many individuals were â€Å"out of work†, so cheap labor became available. Women were considered docile and subject to â€Å"loss- due to pregnancy†. This resulted in an extensive sterilization campaign funded by the United States government (Lappe, Collins Rosset p. 37).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Globally, the food grown is enough to â€Å"provide over 2800 calories per day to every man, woman and child† (The Rational Radical para 4) .This is sufficient to make us all obese, but in most countries, especially, in the third world countries, small scale farmers are forced to be hungry as most of the fertile lands are used to grow export crops by multinational corporations. The United States, by creating a demand for these export crops, becomes a player in this injustice to the poor (The Rational Radical para 5-7). Hunger related issues are many and inter-related to economics and other poverty causing factors. These include among others diversion of the usage of land from food productive agriculture to export oriented use (Shah para 3). It is unbearable to note that a nation in the sub-Saharan Africa that has 213 million severely malnourished people still exports food (Lappe, Collins Rosset p. 10). In dealing with world hunger, we perceive that it has an effect on the ki nd of solutions presented to solve it. If the problem is considered in terms of numbers, then it implies that data should be also used as a part of the solution. A great amount of people die because of hunger annually or go to bed without food every night. Hunger makes it clear that coping with human emotions is the most painful task. Hunger means powerlessness at its extreme (Lappe, Collins Rosset p 3). World hunger is not a result of failure in food production, but ineffective supply of food to starve stricken populations. People do not go hungry because food is scarce but rather because of insufficient income to afford it. World hunger is seen as a result of global trade together with economic policies that cause extreme poverty. For many years, food production is still connected with the growing populations. Thus, in some cases, hunger will be witnessed in economies producing food surpluses because people cannot afford food. Hunger is caused by poverty. Though it may be pointed that this problem is an economic issue as well as political one which in the long run becomes an economic issue (Shah para 3). 40% of the food produced is wasted in post-harvest losses in India. This is more pronounced in vegetables. These wastages can be reduced by improved food processing industries, proper infrastructure and reducing or eliminating gaps in supply. Food wastage technically happens when retailers and mostly consumers throw edible foodstuffs as trash. Food losses are realized as a result of underdeveloped infrastructure, poor food production mechanisms and underdeveloped technological advancement (Jasmuheen p. 3). The Food and Agricultural Organization report on â€Å"global food losses and food waste† released on May 11, 2011 indicated that in Rome alone, approximately a third of food produced worldwide annually is lost or wasted i.e. that is 1.3 billion tones (FAO para 1). This is quite alarming considering the millions who die yearly due to starvation. It is also clear that up to 220m tons of food is wasted in rich economies. This is in contrast to 230m tons that the sub-Saharan Africa manages to produce. The quantity of food lost and wasted annually was approximately equal to half of the global cereals crop (2.3 billion ton in 2009/2010) (FAO para 3). With these statistics, it is quiet illogical to shift blame on a single factor. Reduction of food wastages and losses, if implemented, can reduce world hunger adversely. Even though the United States takes some credit for world hunger, it has made recognizable attempts at ending world starvation through financial aids. Establishment of the â€Å"Fighting world hunger: U.S food aid policy and the food for peace program† has helped in the disbursement of millions of dollars as financial aid and tons of food are provided as an aid annually. Wealthy nations are quite selfish in development assistance, and, moreover, the extremely poor are seldom the sole beneficiaries when they off er foreign aid. In the year 2004, â€Å"the ratio of development assistance to gross national income was 0.17% far below the united nations target of 0.7%† (Bassett Nelson pg 168) in order to witness the realization of the millennium development goals by 2015, rich nations have to be more committed to offering aid programs as means of improving long term developments like health and infrastructure. This financial aid in the form of â€Å"foreign assistance programs† is, however, with ill motives as they are used as tools to the realization of foreign policies. It is argued that American foreign aid is used to maintain the United States leadership in the international scene. Anyway, this foreign economic assistance is not geared towards ending world hunger as it is realized that 15 countries received over half of the total U.S financial support in the 1990s. Israel and Egypt alone took home more than a third of this financial aid. The 10 poorest countries in the world took only 5% of the total U.S financial foreign assistance in the year 1994. Food aid, with the exception of emergency relief, can encourage over-reliance of a country on food and financial aid, and thus more hunger and poverty. Free or cheap food encourages laziness, as a result, the hardworking local farmers will not be able to market their produce, and thus they are driven into unemployment and poverty in the long run. This was the case in Somalia when the civil war of 1991 broke out. Disruption of the transportation network threatened 4.5 million people with malnutrition disease. The U.S delayed relief until December 1992 when the people had witnessed the worst and were on their road to recovery. Death rate was seen a drop from 300 to 70 a day. Harvesting had already started in the regions of Shebell river valley and Afgoye. Sorghum, corn and rice were available, but the U.S in its cunning nature poured into the foreign aid, dropping the prices of the harvests by 75%. Even with the fall in prices, it became quite difficult to sell the products. Not even the United States could buy something, so it claimed that the mandate it was offered dictated that they could buy only from the U.S governments. This forced the farmers to abandon the farms and queue for handouts of foreign food aid (Lappe, Collins Rosset p. 136). This type of food aid is usually termed as ‘tied aid’. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization encourages cash based food aid as opposed to â€Å"tied aid†. Cash based food aid is advantageous as it allows developing countries to buy from local farmers with food surpluses, thus eliminating shipping costs and also encouraging hard work as well as reducing poverty rates. Thus, it becomes a development solution in the long run (Bassett Nelson p 170). Poverty eradication can be viewed as the best solution for ending world hunger. Dependency on foreign aid is destructive to a nation, and due to issues related to poli cy implementation, it may take too long for foreign aid to be received. Minimizing food losses and wastages and encouraging cash based food help are also other factors that are vital in the eradication of world hunger. Foreign aid should be given through an independent body like the United Nations. Bassett, Thomas J. Winter-Nelson, Alex E. The atlas of world hunger. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Print. Jasmuheen. Ambassadors of Light: World Health World Hunger Project. New York, NY: Lulu.com, 2007. Print. Lappe, Frances M., Collins Joseph and Rosset Peter. World hunger: 12 myths. Oxford, UK: Earthscan, 1998. Print. Maddocks. Steven World Hunger. New Jersey: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2004 Print. Nessan, Craig L. Beckmann David. Give us this day: a Lutheran proposal for ending world hunger. Minneapolis MN: Augsburg Books, 2003. Print. Shah, Anup. â€Å"World hunger and poverty†. Global Issues. 22 Aug 2010. Web. Swanson, Ryan. â€Å"Fighting world hunger: U.S. food aid policy and the food for peace program.† ResourceLibrary, Oct 2004. Web. The Rational Radical. World hunger, economic injustice the U.S. n.d. Web. World Food Programme. World hunger. n.d. Web. World Hunger Education Service. 2011 world hunger and poverty facts and statistics. n.d. Web.

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry Essay - 1

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry - Essay Example safety and health administration), SME (Society of Mining Industry), NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health), NMA (National Mining association), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the Sierra Club. This paper will focus on how these institutes operate and the significance of these institutes for the mining industry (Woodard 416). The purpose of MSHA is to ensure and protect the miners’ of USA and the community from injuries, diseases and deaths caused due to mining activities. According to Mine Act, the function of the MSHA is to evaluate surface mines for twice a year and underground mines for four times each annum. This survey is conducted by the surveyors of the MSHA, they conduct this survey to ensure that the mines are developed in accordance to the guidelines provided by the Mine Act and the mine owners and managers are complying with the standards proposed by the mine Act. The Act further requires the inspectors of MSHA to issue an order to the operators of the mine in case of non-compliance with the Mine Act (MSHA, 2012). SME comprises of eight different divisions and each division is created to serve in the best interest of the members of SME. Members of these divisions include students as well as professional engineers. The function of SME is to bring advancement to the community of minerals with the assistance of sharing information and developing professionals. SME itself is a member organization of American Institute of Mining which was created during the era of 1871 by a small number of coal miners. SME provides information to its members and takes part in the development of its members by providing them with technical peer reviewed journal articles, hosting seminars, accrediting colleges and providing education to the common public. Students of the engineering field can benefit through SME in several ways (SME, 2012). They have to pay discounted price to become a member of the organization and with this membership they