Religion and morality

Presentation While talking about the inquiry concerning the association among religion and profound quality, some essential focuses on the issue must be thought of. As a matter of first importance, it is important to call attention to that religion and ethical quality can't be viewed as equivalent words and along these lines, ought to be broke down separately.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Religion and profound quality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One is to remember that ethical quality doesn't rely on religion; in this way, thus, one can presume that rightness and misleading quality are not founded on strict examinations. Individuals pick their own particular manner to act, and their choice doesn't rely on the God’s will. Religion and its connection to open profound quality Keeping as a main priority a wide scope of strict developments, one can presumably see that the perspectives on religion are fairly vague. For exampl e, a few agents of another secularism are of the feeling that religion harms everything. In our days, people’s confidence can be viewed as a reason for human profound quality, yet in addition as an incredible malevolence. In this manner, let’s recollect â€Å"the shades of malice executed by the Spanish Inquisition and the Catholic leadership’s outrageous assurance of administrative kid abusers† (Gaillardetz, 2008). The case appears to demonstrate the supposition that the advanced religion is harmful to human culture. Then again, no one will deny the way that religion may shape people’s mentality to open ethical quality. Considering certain strict instructions, one can see numerous ties between right good conduct and a wide scope of strict standards. At the end of the day, it is strictness, which is by all accounts dependent on certain ethical methodologies, yet not bad habit versa.Advertising Looking for basic composition on religion religious phi losophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Religious standards versus moral methodologies Still, the issue of human ethical quality must not be respected inside strict points of view, since it exists autonomously of religion. Profound quality is identified with specific sets of accepted rules, which are set by social orders. Besides, it is important to comprehend that various social orders acknowledge the term in their own particular manner; it relies on a person’s mindset what moral standards can be followed or ignored. There is an assortment of good methodologies, and some of them take the need over others. In other words individuals reserve an option to pick how to live, carry on, and so forth and their opportunity of decision doesn't rely on the God’s will. There is a solid need to separate between ethical quality, religion, manners and law. Causing differentiations between the issues to can offer individuals a chance to decipher ethical quality in a legitimate manner. For the most part, it ought to be noticed that much of the time individuals think about religion as a reason for ethical quality, since a portion of the principles of direct required or precluded by confidence correspond with the sets of accepted rules built up by social orders. Then again, â€Å"religions may preclude or require more than is restricted or required by advisers for conduct that are unequivocally named as good aides, and may permit some conduct that is disallowed by morality† (Gert, 2011). End As far as profound quality can be viewed as rather opposing marvel, one can most likely concur with Darwin’s assessment that a target standard of ethical quality is missing (â€Å"Answering the New Atheism,† 2008).Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Religion and profound quality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this explanation, it becomes apparent that there is no sense to talk about human ethical quality inside strict points of view. The main suitable approach to join the issues is to think about religion and strict profound quality. As it were, one can express that while religion may some of the time be the reason for abhorrent, without religion there is no reason for strict profound quality. References Answering the New Atheism. (2008). Staycatholic.com. Recovered from: http://www.staycatholic.com/answering_the_new_atheism.htm Gaillardetz, R. (2008). Catholicism and the New Atheism. Americamagazine.org. Recovered from: https://www.americamagazine.org/issue/655/article/catholicism-and-new-skepticism Gert, B. (2011). The Definition of Morality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recovered from: https://plato.stanford.edu/sections/profound quality definition/ This basic composition on Religion and profound quality was composed and put together by client Angelina Rollins to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Anti-Semitism Essay -- essays research papers fc

Jews have been aggrieved since the start of recorded time. This strict gathering has been jabbed, goaded, ousted, and in later a long time, slaughtered for their strict convictions. This racial partiality is called hostile to Semitism. Hostile to Semitism is the horrible weapon of promulgation used to separate the Jews mentally before the multitudes of Germany even started to obliterate this strict gathering during World War Two (â€Å"anti-semitism† 47). The NAZI Party drove in this mass killing of the Jewish individuals. The leader of the NAZI Party, Adolph Hitler, announced that he was not a bigot, yet slaughtered more than 6,000,000 exposed individuals due to their race. Hitler likewise pronounced, needlessly, in his addresses, that he didn't want World War Two. These are a portion of his final words: â€Å"It isn't accurate that I, or any other individual in Germany needed a war in 1939. It was needed what's more, incited solely by those global legislators who either were of Jewish source, or worked for Jewish interests. This prompted the unfeeling resistance to the all inclusive poisoner all things considered, Global Jewery† (Rossel 10). As should be obvious, hostile to Semitism couldn't be halted in the period of World War Two, since Hitler prohibited any media that wasn’t appearing disdain toward the Jews. The main radio stations were his despise filled talks and news reports that he endorsed. The main projects on TV likewise must be endorsed by Hitler or somebody under him. No papers were permitted to state whatever, in any capacity, offended a Nazi, or some other German. In the event that any Jew was discovered offending a German, they were quickly executed or tormented til' the very end. This dread had been incited by the passing, starvation, and maltreatment of the Holocaust, was another kind of purposeful publicity realized by the Nazis (Zeman 26). Another explanation that Jews were despised was envy. They were accepted to be God’s picked individuals. Hitler exploited this, and utilized it as another opening for promulgation. Before long, the Jews were accused for the passing of Christ and said to have brought the entirety of the agony what's more, enduring on the world. It was said that God was rebuffing the Jews, also, the remainder of the world, for not getting Him, and once the Jews were gone, the Garden of Eden would flourish once more. This ludicrous hypothesis was later announced unchristian constantly Vatican Council (Roth 47). Against Semitism was... ...s of the Jewish people.† They didn't take these books to peruse them, they made the individuals come outside and watch them consume. This was terrifying in light of the fact that, â€Å"Wherever they consume books, they will likewise, in the end, consume powerless human beings.† That was said by Heinrich Heine, an overcomer of one of the death camps in Nazi Germany (â€Å"anti-Semitism† 1). The Holocaust- - the coldblooded slaughter of more than eleven million exposed, blameless individuals, 6,000,000 of which were Jewish- - can be legitimately connected to the scorn and prejudice realized by Nazi promulgation. The individuals of Germany leave their psyches alone controlled and figured out how to disdain the Jews. Detest is an incredible weapon that has the ability to slaughter without leniency (Holocaust no pagination). WORKS CITED: â€Å"Anti-Semitism.† Murray, John Courtney Sr. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge .1991. Roth, John K. also, Berenbaum, Michael. The Holocaust Religious and Philosophical Suggestions. New York: Pragon House 1981. Rossel, Seymore. The Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts, 1981. The Holocaust . Chief Tad Ve’Shem. Video. March Video. Zeman, Z.A.B. Nazi Propaganda. London: Oxford college Press, Incorperated, 1973.

Loves Labors Lost Essays - Loves Labours Lost, Performing Arts

Love's Labor's Lost My paper report came somewhat late however I was incredibly left to go. I got the chance to observe Love's Labor's Lost preformed by the dramatization division in Juilliard School in Manhattan. I went alone and traversed on stand-by. I never peruse the play and had no clue what's in store. Things being what they are, a play is a lot more clear in the event that you are watching individuals act it out in front of an audience than if you are perusing it from a content. Also, that play was intended to be viewed. It was full of darken jokes, and peculiar language which is applicable to the occasions when it was composed however doesn't appear to sound good to the advanced peruser. The entertainer's non-verbal communication, the appearance on their countenances and the general development in front of an audience recounts to the story freely of the composed play. In other word's the ticket the on-screen characters state their lines matter as much as what they are stating. I comprehended why a play should be seen in front of an audience as opposed to peruse in a study hall. The first thing to note about the creation was that it was moved out of now is the ideal time outline. The first play happens some place in Shakespearean occasions in Europe. This adaptation places the entertainers in present day attire. The are depicted as school youngsters at play more than grown-ups. The entire play integrated with the subject of Cupid what's more, the vanity of endeavoring to oppose love. Everything is about development and it appears to be nearly as an expressive dance or a detailed move creation. The initial demonstration begins with four youngsters (Navarre, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumain) making an silly settlement to commit 3 years to examining and keep away from ladies' organization and all other natural enjoyments. In front of an audience these men appear to be increasingly similar to youngsters. They are wearing school kid's attire and wield wooden blades to make a settlement. In the phase in a little school building with a study hall inside. The foursome is conveying book packs and talk in misrepresented tones. The hues are extremely dynamic and vivacious, giving the stage greater development what's more, an inclination of light soul. When the four have made their pledges, Cupid will have his retribution. He discovers his worker as Costard the comedian who in the creation shows up as a spanish ghetto joker in loose pants and a ton of exceptionally beautiful shirts. The play is loaded with sexual innuendoes, overwhelming being a tease and even a couple of rap numbers. I have never hears Shakespeare being assaulted previously however it appeared to have a decent beat to it. In the second development we are acquainted with the four women of the play: Rosaline, Maria, Katharine, and the Princess of France). They are dressed as young ladies with a hazardous style sense. Their characters are particular with one speaking to a geek, one a sports muscle head one a tease and the Princess a solid free lady. The women are prepared for a warm gathering however Navarre, being consistent with his agreement, declines to give them access. In this manner they are prepared to help Cupid in his retribution against the presumptuous men who thought to overlook his bolts. Here every on-screen character appears to be a jokester with a great deal of exaggerating. Each movement is brilliant and self-evident, giving the watcher however much assistance as could reasonably be expected with the comprehension of the play. The music is live furthermore, pitiful differentiating what occurs in front of an audience. It readies the crowd for the unavoidable deplorable closure of the play and mitigates the gaudy acting. Before long all the young men cushion their vow and begin to look all starry eyed at the young ladies and the cunning also, sharp being a tease starts. What the play needs clearness of words it makes up in the appearance on the on-screen character's countenances. Boyet is curiously enough depicted as a wild androgynous, Armado is demonstrating gay inclinations also. That makes the play progressively fun for the advanced watcher and brings the jokes down to the level where they can be acknowledged more by the crowd. The entertainers were every single youthful understudy of the school however their aptitudes were not equivalent. Costard took the crowd by storm by being what he should be - a jokester. I excused the discourteous signals, the wild development in front of an audience and the unusual rap number in light of the fact that it was in the character. The entertainer was not hindered and felt comfortable doing anything on the stage. Shockingly the character of King Navarre appeared

The A in SAT stands for American

Actually, it doesnt stand for anything, but it might as well, given how much US literature and history is going to be incorporated into the new exam. While the Old SAT was famous for using passages that would put dictionary-writers to sleep, the new one is using major documents from US history. Let’s see if we can use this information to improve our scores and better prepare for the test. How is this different? This is a noteworthy shift from the Old SAT, and from the current ACT. The former did not have this element of predictability, and the later still doesn’t. Now, standardized tests are inherently predictable in their question structure and subject matter, but anything we can do to have precognition of the specific passages and focuses will make the test more familiar and friendly to us. In the old days†¦ The SAT drew passages from college-level reading sources and [were] adapted to make them fit easily into the 700 words or so as Lucas Fink says in another Magoosh post.   But as most high-school students are not huge consumers of   college-level reading, theres a low likelihood that test-takers would have seen the material previously. Enter the New SAT. Among the myriad discussions of the impact of â€Å"only four answer choices† and praise for the elimination of the â€Å"guessing penalty†* there is no mention of the starkest change: the College Board has given explicit indication that it will draw new passages from US-centric documents. The New SAT is saying â€Å"no† to passages about the history of Dewey Decimal System  and â€Å"yes† to Founding Documents: materials produced by or about founding fathers and civil rights leaders. The College Board says, On each assessment, one passage will be drawn from a U.S. founding document (a text such as the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, or the Bill of Rights) or a text that is part of the Great Global Conversation (a text such as one by Lincoln or King, or by an author from outside the United States writing on a topic such as freedom, justice, or liberty). While The Great Global Conversation sounds like a mildly interesting YouTube live-stream event, I fear the truth is more along the lines of, â€Å"how do we be the change we want to see in the world?† or some other quote you’d expect to see on your High School Counselor’s cat poster. Why does this matter? The more predictable the SAT is, the easier it becomes. And now, The College Board has told us exactly what to expect on the reading section. How can I maximize points, using this? Take AP US History instead of AP European or AP World History. For the first time, a high school class besides math will have a direct applicability on the SAT. Students who spend a year studying US History will have a very high likelihood of encountering a passage that will appear on the SAT. If you haven’t seen the specific passage, then chances are you at least know the context of it. Imagine studying US history and then seeing a letter written by Martin Luther King, Jr. Even if you haven’t seen the letter before, you know so much about the context of the life and times,  that you will have a clear advantage over students who do not have that same body of knowledge. Need a quick refresher on your US History? Start here, and then skim this list of documents which I predict the New SAT will draw from for its reading passages. By making sure your curriculum is rich in material that is likely to be on the SAT you improve your likelihood of success in both the AP US History test and the SAT, as the overlap will make you stronger in both. *The elimination of a guessing penalty is of no benefit to test-takers, as the test is scaled, and this change effects all test-takers equally. For example, if an accuracy level of 75% used to scale to the 95th percentile, now an accuracy level of 80% will scale to the 95th percentile. The 5% gap in accuracy will be the 5% gained by guessing.

monologophobia - definition and examples

Definition: A fear of using a word more than once in a single sentence or paragraph. The term monologophobia was coined by New York Times editor Theodore M. Bernstein in The Careful Writer, 1965.See Examples and Observations, below. Also see: What Is Monologophobia?Elegant VariationThe Fear of Repetition in Writing: Beware the Elongated Yellow FruitPeriphrasis (Rhetoric)RepetitionSynonyms and Variety of Expression, by Walter Alexander RaleighSynonymyThesaurus Examples and Observations: It took about a dozen men and women to heave the huge, orange produce item onto the forklift.When the driver lowered the massive pumpkin, the last of the 118 entered in yesterdays annual All New England Weigh-Off kicking off the Topsfield Fair, the traditional Halloween ornament broke the scale. . . .(Pumpkin Pounds Topsfield Scale: Oversized Produce Weighs in As Big Hit With Visitors to Fair. The Boston Globe, October 1, 2000) Bernstein on MonologophobiaA monologophobe (you wont find it in the dictionary) is a writer who would rather walk naked in front of Saks Fifth Avenue than be caught using the same word more than once in three lines. What he suffers from is synonymomania (you wont find that one, either), which is a compulsion to call a spade successively a garden implement and an earth-turning tool. . . .Now avoidance of monotony caused by jarring repetition of a conspicuous word or phrase is desirable. A little touch of monologophobia might have helped the framer of this sente nce: The Khrushchev defeats, General Hoxha said, took place at the international Communist meetings that took place in Bucharest in June, 1960, and in Moscow in November, 1960. . . .But mechanical substitution of synonyms may make a bad situation worse. Elegant variation is the term applied by Fowler to this practice. It is particularly objectionable if the synonym is the one that falls strangely on the ear or eye: calling a snowfall a descent, calling gold the yellow metal, calling charcoal the ancient black substance. Repetition of the word is better than these strained synonyms. Often a pronoun is a good remedy, and sometimes no word at all is required.(Theodore M. Bernstein, The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage. Scribner, 1965)[M]onologophobia strikes in many places. In court reports there is a bewildering alternation of the names of people with their status as defendant or plaintiff. It is better to stick to names throughout.(Harold Evans, Essential English. Piml ico, 2000) Verdict and Ruling[An] accident of style that writers often get into with verdict and ruling is switching blithely back and forth between them, as if the words were interchangeable. In a story about a British libel case where the judge ruled against a Holocaust-denying historian, a reporter for the Chicago Tribune did this egregiously: International Jewish groups applauded the unsparing British court verdict against Irving. . . . The verdict shredded Irvings reputation. . . . Professor Dorothy Lipstadt of Emeroy University . . . hailed the ruling. . . . The ruling also was a victory for Penguin Books, her British publisher. . . . [Irving] said he had two words to describe the ruling. . . . Irving may appeal the verdict.In every instance in that story, verdict should have been ruling. But the reporter was no doubt suffering from a bad case of monologophobia, a fear of repeating the same word. . . .Instead of flip-flopping between the correct ruling and the incorrect verdic t, the Chicago Tribune reporter should have assuaged his monologophobia by here and there tossing in the word decision, an unobjectionable substitute for ruling.(Charles Harrington Elster, The Accidents of Style: Good Advice on How Not to Write Badly. St. Martins Press, 2010) Also Known As: elegant variation, burly detective syndrome

Writing in a Foreign Language Essay - 480 Words

For a very long time, people have been studying the differences of writing among different cultures. Native speakers write texts which are very different from the texts written by foreign language writers. The main reason is that each culture has its patterns of thinking and it determines the way that they write. As a result, foreign language students need to learn the patterns of the language and the way that native speakers usually develop their ideas. If you want to make texts in a foreign language, you need to study how people arrange their knowledge. American writers, for example, tend to arrange their ideas in a straight line of development. In general, we have a central idea, known as main thesis,†¦show more content†¦In order to write in Japanese, you need to follow a circular though. First, you start with the main idea, pointing out your thesis and introducing the ideas to the reader. After that, you get out to the point introducing a new topic. Finally, you get to the main point to conclude. It is common in the oriental culture, where they have a different approach of thinking of the occidental ones. Portuguese writers tend to write a paragraph that contains digressions. They have a central idea but sometimes it is interrupted by some ideas or examples that are far from the main idea. Similarly, a paragraph in Russian often contains digressions. In different cultures, we have different lines of development that are influenced by the patterns of thinking. However, none of them is better than any other, they are only different. According to Bander(1971,27) Ideas don#180;t fit together from language to language. Each culture has its own way of thinking. I agree with the author, each culture is influenced by its patterns of thinking. The awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help us to write in a culture that is not native to us. Robert B. Kaplan, an important professor of applied linguistics at the University of Southern California, highlights that students in ESL programs write texts which are very different from texts written by native speakers. However,Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Reading And Writing Of The Foreign Language During The Primary Classroom Essay2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe role of reading and writing in the foreign language in the primary classroom As a teacher within the primary classroom I have found that the most challenging aspect of L2 is the teaching of reading and writing. In 2015 the Scottish Government revised their professional learning paper, Professional learning paper: Significant Aspects of Learning Assessing progress and Achievement in Modern Languages . According to this guidance, in order for me to achieve breadth within my teaching howeverRead MoreForeign Language As A Foreign Country1729 Words   |  7 Pagesnative language is. 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And it’s not just about learning language; it’s about understanding

Electricity Consumption

Question: Explain the project is aimed at performing a detailed analysis on the various factors that affect the electricity consumption. Answer: The project is aimed at performing a detailed analysis on the various factors that affect the electricity consumption. Some of the important factors that affect Electricity consumption are Family Income Number of Occupants of the household Number of Rooms of the household Apart from these three factors, five more factors are considered in the analysis. We first draw a random sample of size 100 from the main population data of size 1000 and carried out relevant analysis on the data of size 100. We have generalized our results to the population data of size 1000. The sample was drawn without replacement and the 100 data points are unique and there are no repetitions. We have tried to visually represent these eight variables with the help of diagrams and descriptive measures. This has provided us with a brief description of the different variables that are considered in the analysis and we have seen that the mean energy consumption and mean amount of weekly income is not very high for the given population. We have also tried to give a definite range of values that the energy consumption and weekly income may take. We are 95% confidence about the intervals constructed and the validity of our result was also verified. We have proceeded to verify if the energy consumption varies with house Ownership, or with different states or with the average age of the households. The result obtained told us that the three factors do not significantly give different Energy Bills for different categories. Thus there is no significant difference in the electricity consumption of households with renters and owners, in the state NSW and other states, with age group less than 45 years and with age group greater than 45 years. Also, we have proceeded to find out if there is any kind of linear relationship between Energy Consumption and Weekly Income and between Energy Consumption and Number of Rooms in the household. Even if there is a strong relationship, we must find out how strong is the relationship. This was done with help of regression analyses using statistical tools. It was found that there is indeed moderately strong linear relationship between Energy Consumption and Weekly Income and also between Energy Consumption and Number of Rooms in the household. Both the variables are positively related with energy consumption. The results that we have obtained from the different analyses we conducted in this project are considered to hold for the entire population under consideration and hence the results obtained from the sample data is true for the whole population. Introduction: The main objective of the project is to investigate various factors that affect the household electricity consumption. The consumption of electricity of a household depends on several factors like number of members of the family, no. of electrical appliances and heir average usage. Also income is an important influential factor of electricity consumption. Thus here, our objective is to find out various factors that affect electricity consumption and also we shall try to investigate how much is their role in the consumption of electricity. The variables that considered in this project are Home Ownership: The state of home ownership (O: Owned and R: Rented) Average Age: Average age of occupants State: Location of property (NSW: New South Wales, Vic: Victoria and Qld: Queensland) No of Rooms: Number of rooms in a house Energy Bill: Total cost of monthly energy bills (in AUD) Language: Language spoken at home (1: English and 2: Other than English) No of Occupants: Number of people live in a house Weekly Income: Average weekly income of a household (in AUD) For each of these eight variables, we shall try to represent them graphically and shall also produce descriptive statistics wherever needed. For the variables Home Ownership, Average Age, State, No. of rooms, Language, No. of Occupants, we shall use graphical representations like bar chart and pie diagram since the data available on them are categorical here. Also we shall provide a frequency distribution table for each of the variables. For variables Energy Bill and Weekly Income, we shall use histogram since the data is continuous in nature and has been measured using Ratio scale and also provide some of the important descriptive statistics that would give us a short summary about the distribution of the variables. We shall also conduct some tests regarding correlation and shall also proceed to test for the averages of some of the variables. We shall also construct confidence interval for some of the variables and then proceed to see if the actual population mean fall in the confidence interval. This will help us to determine whether the confidence interval is worthy or not. Before we conduct all the statistical tests and analysis, it is first mandatory to draw a suitable representative sample. We have drawn a random sample of size 100 from the population of size 1000. The sample chosen must be a good representative of the population and should be collected without replacement. Hence, the sample drawn in this project has been drawn by the method of simple random sampling without replacement. In the method of simple random sampling without replacement, all the units of the population are given equal importance and thus have equal chance of being selected in the sample. The selection of sample is done without replacement, thus once an unit has been chosen, it will not appear in the sample for second time. Thus, the sample contains 100 distinct units. Analysis: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Here we shall use various statistical techniques like graphical representation and descriptive statistics (average, volatility etc). We shall consider one variable at a time. Home Ownership The variable Home Ownership is Categorical in nature as the two possible categories here are Owned and Rented. Thus the variable has been measured in Nominal Scale and we use a pie diagram to represent the percentages of households that are Owned and Rented. The pie diagram is shown below: The frequency distribution table of the House Ownership is shown below: Home Ownership Frequency Owned 73 Rented 27 We thus observe that number of houses that are Owned is much greater than the number of houses that are Rented. Hence most of the houses that have been sampled have their Ownership. Average Age We know that average age of a household is measured in Ratio scale since Age may assume a large range of values. However in this case the average age has been categorised in the following categories Thus in this case, we have four categories of age and thus we should treat the variable as Ordinal in Nature (since different age groups can be considered to be ordered from lower to higher ages) and would summarise the data with the help of a Bar diagram. The Bar diagram is shown below: Also, the frequency distribution table for the age groups is shown below: Age Frequency 24 23 24-44 25 45-64 19 65 33 We thus observe that most of the household has average age to be greater than 65 which implies that aged people constitute a great proportion of the population. It can be assumed that aged people spend most of their time indoor and are thus expected to consume more amount of electricity. We also observe that the least frequency is shown by the class 45-64. Thus not many people in the population are in the age group 45-64. State The variable State is also categorical in nature and is measured in Nominal scale. The appropriate diagram used here is the pie chart and is shown below: The frequency distribution table is shown below: We thus observe that the highest number of households has been selected from NSW and Qld has the lowest contribution to the data. This choice might have been done depending on the size of the States. Number of Rooms The variable number of rooms is discrete in nature and is basically a count data. The data is numerical and thus is measured in interval scale. Hence we shall use Bar diagram to represent the data in this project. The diagram is shown below: The frequency table is shown below: We thus observe that most of the houses have 3 rooms and least number of houses have 7 rooms. The more is the number of houses, the more is the number of electrical appliances and thus more is the electricity consumption. Here since maximum number of houses has 2 rooms, thus electricity consumption may be supposed to be less. Electricity Bill The variable Electricity Bill is continuous in nature and is measured in Ratio scale. Since it is measured in Ratio Scale, thus we shall use histogram to represent the data graphically (since histogram is used to represent continuous variables). The diagram is shown below: Some of the descriptive statistics are also listed below: We observe that the mean amount of electricity bill is 122.5 and also the histogram suggests that the highest frequency of electricity bill lies somewhere around 115.9. Thus the average amount of electricity bill is not very high for the chosen sample. Language Here the language has been categorised in two categories which are 1: English 0: Other than English Since the data is categorical in nature and is measured in Nominal scale, we shall use Pie Diagram to represent the data. Also the frequency distribution table is shown below: We observe that most of that most of households chosen in the sample speak English as the percentage of households that Speak English is 68% which is quite high. of Occupants The variable number of occupants is discrete in nature and is basically a count data. The data is numerical and thus is measured in interval scale. Hence we shall use Bar diagram to represent the data in this project. The diagram is shown below: The frequency Table is shown below: We thus observe that most of the houses have 2 occupants and least number of houses have 8 occupants. The more is the number of occupants, the more is the number of electrical appliances and thus more is the electricity consumption. Here since maximum number of houses has 2 occupants, thus electricity consumption may be supposed to be less. Weekly Income The variable Weekly Income is continuous in nature and is measured in Ratio scale. Since it is measured in Ratio Scale, thus we shall use histogram to represent the data graphically (since histogram is used to represent continuous variables). The diagram is shown below: Some of the descriptive statistics are also listed below: We observe that the mean amount of weekly income is 639.2 and also the histogram suggests that the highest frequency of Weekly Income lies somewhere around 65.6. Thus the average amount of Weekly Income is not very high for the chosen sample. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL We are 95% Confident that the actual mean Weekly Income of households of Home Owners lie between the range [525.4, 861.9] The actual mean Weekly Income of households of Home Owners is 554.3544. Clearly the value 554.3544 lie in the range mentioned above. Hence our estimation of the Confidence Interval is worthy. We are 95% confident that the average Total Bill of the households lie between the range [96.8, 148.3] The actual mean Total Bill for all the 1000 households is 119.001 Clearly the value 119.001 lie in the range mentioned above. Hence our estimation of the Confidence Interval is worthy. HYPOTHESIS TESTING We shall perform hypothesis test to find out if the renters consume less energy on an average than Home Owners. The type of the Hypothesis is lower, i.e. we shall test if mean electricity consumption of renters is less than Home owners. The test statistic is given by T =(m1-m2)/(s *sqrt (/1/n1 + 1/n2)) m1 and m2 are the mean Electricity Bill for Renters and Home Owners. s is the pooled standard deviation n1 and n2 are the number of Renters and Home Owners. The degrees of freedom of the test statistic is 98. The value of the test statistic is T = -0.62 The p-value of the test is p =0.269 We observe that p 0.05. Hence, we are 95% confident that the renters do not consume less energy than the home owners. We shall perform hypothesis test to find out if the energy bill for NSW is different from the two other states taken together. The type of the Hypothesis is two tailed, i.e. we shall test if mean energy bill for NSW is either less or more than the two other states. The test statistic is given by T =(m1-m2)/(s *sqrt (/1/n1 + 1/n2)) m1 and m2 are the mean Electricity Bill for NSW and two other states s is the pooled standard deviation n1 and n2 are the number of households in NSW and in two other states. The degrees of freedom of the test statistic is 98. The value of the test statistic is T = 1.78 The p-value of the test is p =0.079 We observe that p 0.05. Hence, we are 95% confident that the energy bill of NSW is not different from that of the other two states. We shall perform hypothesis test to find out if the average number of occupants is more in the age group less than 44 years than the age groups greater than 45 years. The type of the Hypothesis is upper, i.e. we shall test if the mean number of occupants is more for the age group less than 44 years than those in the age group more than 45 years. The test statistic is given by T =(m1-m2)/(s *sqrt (/1/n1 + 1/n2)) m1 and m2 are the mean number of occupants in the two age groups s is the pooled standard deviation n1 and n2 are the number of households in the two age groups. The degrees of freedom of the test statistic is 98. The value of the test statistic is T = -0.98 The p-value of the test is p =0.835 We observe that p 0.05. Hence, we are 95% confident that the mean number of occupants in the age group less than 44 years is not more than those in the age group above 45 years. CORRELATION and REGRESSION Here we shall first consider the Energy Bill and Weekly Income of the household where English is spoken at home. Here the dependent variable is Energy Bill and the independent variable is Weekly Income. This is because, the more is the income, the more people would tend to spend on Energy Bill. We shall commence our analysis with the help of a scatterplot between the two variables which is shown below: The diagram shows us that Most of the points tends to follow a straight line but are very clustered around each other. Some of the points got deviated from the straight line and lies above and below the fitted regression line. Some pints are extremely scattered and lies far away from the fitted linear line. The trend of the linear relationship is in positive direction. Now, to fit a linear regression line of Energy Bill (Y) and Weekly Income (X), we are required to model the relation as Y =a + bx+ u u is the random error and a, b are unknown parameters to be estimated by least square theory. We obtain our estimated model as give below: Y =41.34 + 0.138X Here the value 41.34 is called the y-intercept, that is the fitted linear line to the given data passes through the point (0, 41.34). Also, the value 0.138 is known as the regression coefficient and it given us the unit increase in Y with an unit increase in X. Here with an unit increase in X, the Y value increases by an amount of 0.138. Since the value of regression is positive, thus the relation between X and Y is positive; thus as X increases, Y also increase. The value of the correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.454 which is not very high and thus we may conclude that the linear relationship between X and Y is not very strong. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.206 which is also very low and indicates that the fitted regression line in prediction of Y is not much worthy. There may be some other kind of relationship between X and Y line quadratic, exponential or cubic. Now, we shall test for whether there is any linear relationship between X and Y. For this purpose we shall use the right tailed test with the test statistic F =MST/MSE, where MST is the mean square due to Treatment and MSE is the mean square error. The degrees of Freedom of F are 1 and 66. The value of the test statistic is F=17.120255. The p-value of the test is given as p =0.0001 (0.05) If we consider our degree of error to be 5%, then we are 95% confident that the there exist a linear relationship between Energy Bill and Weekly Income for those households where only English is spoken. Here we shall first consider the Energy Bill and number of rooms for all the households in the sample. Here the dependent variable is Energy Bill and the independent variable is Number of Rooms. This is because, the more is the number of rooms, the more people would tend to spend on Energy Bill. We shall commence our analysis with the help of a scatterplot between the two variables which is shown below: We observe from the scatter plot that Against some given values of number of rooms, there are several points of Energy Bill. Thus the clustering of points are around some points and are not uniformly distributed. We cannot determine any trend from the scatterplot. Most of the points are scattered away from the fitted linear regression line. Now, to fit a linear regression line of Energy Bill (Y) and Number of Rooms (X), we are required to model the relation as Y =a + bx+ u u is the random error and a, b are unknown parameters to be estimated by least square theory. We obtain our estimated model as give below: Y =54.783 + 17.285X Here the value 54.783 is called the y-intercept, that is the fitted linear line to the given data passes through the point (0, 54.783). Also, the value 17.285 is known as the regression coefficient and it given us the unit increase in Y with an unit increase in X. Here with an unit increase in X, the Y value increases by an amount of 17.285. Since the value of regression is positive, thus the relation between X and Y is positive; thus as X increases, Y also increase. The value of the correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.28 which is not very high and thus we may conclude that the linear relationship between X and Y is not very strong. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.07862 which is also very low and indicates that the fitted regression line in prediction of Y is not much worthy. There may be some other kind of relationship between X and Y line quadratic, exponential or cubic. Now, we shall test for whether there is any linear relationship between X and Y. For this purpose we shall use the right tailed test with the test statistic F =MST/MSE, where MST is the mean square due to Treatment and MSE is the mean square error. The degrees of Freedom of F are 1 and 98. The value of the test statistic is F= 8.362. The p-value of the test is given as p =0.005 (0.05) If we consider our degree of error to be 5%, then we are 95% confident that the there exist a linear relationship between Energy Bill and Number of Rooms . CONCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS: After conducting the relevant analyses, we are here to conclude the following things: The average Energy Bill and average Weekly Income are not very high for the given population. The sample of size 100 drawn is a good representative of the actual population of size 1000 since the Confidence Intervals constructed for the means of the variables contained the actual population mean. The energy consumption does not vary significantly with respect to House Ownership. The energy consumption does not vary with significantly between NSW and other states taken together. Age of the household members does not have any significant effect on energy consumption. Energy Consumption depends linearly on Weekly Income. Energy Consumption also has a linear relationship with Number of rooms in the household. The limitations of the analyses conducted in this project are. In most of the cases we have assumed the theoretical distribution of the variables. However, there is no validity of our assumptions. In most of the cases, we have assumed our degree of error to be 5%. We could have chosen a smaller degree of error to get more accurate results.